The Return Midnight Chapter 22 Free Essays

string(142) who attempted to converse with him in a confined little stay with a camcorder in one corner of the wal , entirely evident despite the fact that it was smal . â€Å"Ma mama said not in Fel ‘s Church,†Mrs. Blossoms rehashed to Stefan. â€Å"And that implies not the brush. We will compose a custom paper test on The Return: Midnight Chapter 22 or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now † â€Å"All right,†Stefan said. â€Å"If he’s not there, at that point where else?† â€Å"Well,†Elena said gradually, â€Å"it’s the police, isn’t it? They’ve got him.†Her heart felt as though it were in her stomach. Mrs. Blossoms moaned. â€Å"I assume so. Mama ought to have disclosed to me that, however the environment is ful of weird influences.† â€Å"But the sheriff’s division is in Fel ‘s Church. What there is of it,†Elena questioned. â€Å"Then,†Mrs. Blossoms stated, â€Å"what about the police in another city close by? The ones who came searching for him before †â€Å" â€Å"Ridgemont,†Elena said vigorously. â€Å"That’s where those police that looked through the boardinghouse were from. That’s where that Mossberg fellow originated from, Meredith said.†She took a gander at Meredith, who didn’t even mumble. â€Å"That’s where Caroline’s father has al his hotshot companions †and Tyler Smal wood’s father does as well. They have a place with al those no-ladies clubs with does as well. They have a place with al those no-ladies clubs with mystery handshakes and stuff.† â€Å"And do we have anything like an arrangement for when we get there?†Stefan inquired. â€Å"I have a kind of Plan A,†Elena conceded. â€Å"But I don’t realize that it wil work †you may know better than I do.† â€Å"Tell me.† Elena let him know. Stefan tuned in and needed to smother a giggle. â€Å"I think,†he said solemnly a short time later, â€Å"that it could possibly work.† Elena promptly started to consider Plans B and C with the goal that they wouldn’t be stuck if Plan An ought to come up short. They needed to pass through Fel ‘s Church to get to Ridgemont. Elena saw the wore out houses and the darkened trees through tears. This was her town, the town which, as a soul, she had looked out for and ensured. How might it have resulted in these present circumstances? What's more, more awful, how might it be able to ever perhaps be assembled back again? Elena started to shudder uncontrol capably. Matt sat terribly in the jury meeting room. He had investigated it some time in the past, and had discovered that the windows were loaded up over all things considered. He wasn’t astounded, as al the windows he knew back in Fel ‘s Church were barricaded, furthermore, he had attempted these sheets and realized that he could break out on the off chance that he wanted to. He didn’t care to. The time had come to confront his own emergency. He would have confronted it back before Damon had taken the three young ladies to the Dark Dimension, however Meredith had worked him out of it. Matt realized that Mr. Forbes, Caroline’s father, had al his cohorts in the police and lawful framework here. Thus did Mr. Smal wood, the dad of the genuine guilty party. They were probably not going to give him a reasonable preliminary. Be that as it may, in any sort of preliminary, eventually they would in any event need to hear him out. What's more, what they would hear was the plain truth. They probably won't trust it now. Be that as it may, later, when Caroline’s twins had as meager control as werewolf babies were rumored to have over their shapes †Well, at that point they’d consider Matt, and what he’d said. He was making the best choice, he guaranteed himself. Regardless of whether, at the present time, his internal parts felt as though they were made of lead. What’s the most exceedingly awful they can do to me? he pondered, and was miserable to hear the reverberation of Meredith’s voice return. â€Å"They can place you in prison, Matt. Genuine prison; you’re more than eighteen. And keeping in mind that that might be uplifting news for some veritable, horrible, intense old criminals with hand crafted tattoos and biceps like tree limbs, it won't be uplifting news for you.† And then after a meeting on the Internet, â€Å"Matt, in Virginia, it very well may be forever. What's more, the base is five years. Matt, please; I implore you, don’t let them do this to you! Some of the time it’s genuine that prudence is the better piece of valor. They hold all the cards and we’re strolling blindfolded in the dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She had gotten shockingly animated about it, blending her similitudes and al , Matt idea dejectedly. In any case, it’s not actually as though I chipped in for this. Furthermore, I wager they realize those sheets are entirely feeble and on the off chance that I break out, I’l be pursued from here to who-knows-where. Furthermore, in the event that I wait at any rate I’l get to tel reality. For quite a while nothing occurred. Matt could tel from the sun through the splits in the sheets that it was evening. A man came in and offered a visit to the restroom and a Coke. Matt acknowledged both, yet in addition requested a lawyer and his telephone cal . â€Å"You’l have an attorney,†the man protested at him as Matt came out of the restroom. â€Å"One’l be designated for you.† â€Å"I don’t need that. I need a genuine lawyer. One that I pick.† The man looked disturbed. â€Å"Kid like you can’t have any cash. You’l take the lawyer delegated to you.† â€Å"My mother has cash. She’d need me to have the lawyer we recruit, not some child out of law school.† â€Å"Aw,†the man stated, â€Å"how sweet. You need Mommy to deal with you. What's more, her al the exit plan in Clydesdale at this point, I wager, with the dark woman doctor.† Matt solidified. Close back in the jury room he attempted frantical y to think. How could they know where his mother and Dr. Alpert had gone? He attempted the sound of â€Å"black woman doctor† on his tongue and discovered it tasted terrible, kind of bygone era ish and downright awful. In the event that the specialist had been Caucasian and male, it would’ve sounded sil y to state â€Å"†¦gone with the white man doctor.† Sort of like an old Tarzan film. An extraordinary displeasure was ascending in Matt. Also, alongside it an extraordinary dread. Words crawled around his psyche: observation and spying and intrigue and conceal. What's more, outsmarted. He got it was after five o’clock, after each and every individual who ordinary y worked at court had left, that they took him to the cross examination room. They were simply playing, he figured, the two officials who attempted to converse with him in a confined little live with a camcorder in one corner of the wal , totally clear despite the fact that it was smal . You read The Return: Midnight Chapter 22 in class Article models They alternated, one yel ing at him that he should admit everything, the other acting thoughtful and making statements like, â€Å"Things just turned crazy, isn't that so? We have an image of the hickey she gave you. She was hot stuff, right?†Wink, wink. â€Å"I comprehend. Be that as it may, at that point she began to give you blended signals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Matt arrived at his snapping point. â€Å"No, we were not out on the town, no, she didn't give me a hickey, and when I tel Mr. Forbes you cal ed Caroline hot stuff, winkey, he’s going to get you terminated, sir. What's more, I’ve knew about blended signs, yet I’ve never observed them. I can hear ‘no’as well as you can, and I figure one ‘no’means ‘no’!† After that they beat him up a smidgen. Matt was shocked, yet considering the manner in which he had recently compromised and backtalked them, not very astonished. And afterward they appeared to abandon him, disregarding him in the cross examination room, which, dissimilar to the jury room, had no windows. Matt said again and again, to assist the camcorder, â€Å"I’m guiltless and I’m being denied my telephone cal and my lawyer. I’m innocent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Finally they came and got him. He was hustled between the great and awful cops into a totally unfilled court. Actually no, not vacant, he understood. In the main line were a couple of journalists, a couple with sketchbooks prepared. At the point when Matt saw that, much the same as a genuine preliminary, and envisioned the photos they’d sketch †simply like he’d seen on TV, the lead in his stomach transformed into a rippling sentiment of frenzy. In any case, this was what he needed, wasn’t it, to get the story out? He was directed to a vacant table. There was another table, with a few sharp looking men, al with heaps of papers before them. In any case, what held Matt’s consideration at that table was Caroline. He didn’t perceive her from the start. She was wearing a bird dim cotton dress. Dark! With no adornments on by any means, and inconspicuous cosmetics. The main shading was in her hair †a shameless reddish-brown. It resembled her old hair, not the spotted shading it had been the point at which she was beginning to turn into a werewolf. Had she figured out how to control her structure finally? That was awful news. Extremely awful. Also, last y, with a demeanor of strolling on eggshel s, in came the jury. They needed to realize how unpredictable this was, yet they continued coming in, only twelve of them, sufficiently only to fil the jury seats. Matt out of nowhere understood that there was an appointed authority sitting at the work area high above him. Had he been there al along? No†¦ â€Å"Al ascend for Justice Thomas Hol oway,†boomed a bailiff. Matt stood and thought about whether the preliminary was genuine y going to begin without his legal counselor. Be that as it may, before everybody could sit, there was an accident of opening entryways, and a tal heap of papers on legs rushed into the court, turned into a lady in her mid twenties, and dumped the papers on the table adjacent to him. â€Å"Gwen Sawicki here †present,†the young lady heaved. Judge Hol oway’s neck shot out like a tortoise’s, to bring her into his domain of sight. â€Å"You have been designated for the benefit of the defense?† â€Å"If it satisfies Your Honor, indeed, Your Honor †al of thirty minutes prior. I had no clue we had gone to n

The Help of Technology to the Stock Market

The reason for this examination paper is to demonstrate that innovation has been useful for the financial exchange. On account of innovation, there are presently more brokers than any other time in recent memory as a result of the simplicity of exchanging on the web with firms, for example, Auditrade and Ameritrade. There are additionally more stocks that are doing admirably in light of the fact that they are in the innovation field. The New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ have both profited by the ongoing innovative development. The NYSE says they â€Å"are devoted to keeping up the most proficient and mechanically propelled commercial center in the world.† The way in to that administration has been the best in class innovation and frameworks improvement. Innovation serves to help and improve the human judgment at retail location. NASDAQ, the world†s first completely electronic securities exchange, began exchanging on February eighth, 1971. Today, it is the quickest developing securities exchange in the United States. It alo positions second among the world†s protections as far as dollar esteem. By continually developing to meet the changing needs of financial specialists and open organizations, NASDAQ has accomplished more than practically some other market, in a shorter timeframe. Innovation has additionally helped speculators purchase stocks in different markets. Markets used to open at standard neighborhood times. This would make an American broker rest through most of a Japanese exchanging day. With progressively on the web and night-time exchanging, financial specialists have more access to business sectors so American brokers can even now exchange Japanese stocks. This is likewise helped by a development of most market times. Night-time exchanging is accessible from most web based exchanging firms. For contributing authorities, innovation gives operational capacity to dealing with more stocks and significantly expanded volumes of exchanging. Masters can follow extra wellsprings of market data, and various exchanging and post-exchange works, all on â€Å"one screen† at work or at home. They are additionally offered interfaces to â€Å"upstairs† chance administration frameworks. They additionally have flexiblity to rework their physical workspaces, terminals and utilitarian exercises. Floor merchants are assisted with underpins for an industry-wide exertion to analyze purchase/sell contracts for exactness not long after the exchange. They are likewise given adaptability in setting up working connections utilizing the new remote voice headsets and hand-held information terminals. The capacity to give new and upgraded data administrations to their exchanging work areas and institutional clients is given. They have an extensive request the executives framework, that arranges and tracks every exceptional request. Innovation gives a market†s part associations adaptability in deciding how to staff their exchanging floor activities just as flexiblity in utilizing that market†s gave frameworks, systems and terminals or interfacing their own innovation. They are given confirmation that their market will have the frameworks limit and exchanging floor activities to deal with every day exchanging and in billions of offers. Part associations get quicker request taking care of and related reports to their clients, alongside speedier and upgraded showcase data. They additionally have an administrative situation, which guarantees part organiztions that their clients, enormous and little, can exchange with certainty. Innovation likewise permits lower costs, notwithstanding expanding volumes and upgraded items. Organizations recorded on the NYSE are furnished with an electronic connection so they may examine day by day exchanging their stock, and look at advertise execution during different timespans. The innovation additionally bolsters the perceivability of tasks and data, and managed sell off market methods, which recorded organizations anticipate from their â€Å"primary† advertise on the side of their capital-raising exercises and their investor administrations. Organizations get improved data stream from the exchanging floor, utilizing new remote innovations, as to pre-opening circumstances, profundity of market, and signs of purchase/sell enthusiasm by other enormous dealers. Additionally bolstered are the reasonable, systematic, and profoundly fluid markets which foundations require so as to designate the assets they have under administration in the case of setting orders in size for singular stocks (square requests) or executing programs (a progression of up to 500 requests generally identified with a file). For institutional speculators, innovation gives data on auspicious exchanges and statements and makes them accessible through part firms, advertise information administrations, link communicates and news media. They additionally are given an exceptionally compelling method of taking care of â€Å"smaller† orders, giving them correspondences need and full sale showcase interest for â€Å"price improvement† yet turning the normal market request around in 22 seconds. Value continuitity and thin citation spreads, which are under consistent market surveillence and an administrative situation which implements exchanging rules intended to ensure â€Å"small investors† are additionally upheld. There are a wide range of sorts of hardware utilized on the securities exchange. One of these machines is SuperDot, an electronic request steering framework through which part firms of the NYSE transmit market and breaking point arranges legitimately to the exchanging post where the stock is exchanged. After the request has been finished in the bartering market, a report of execution is returned legitimately to the part firm office over the equivalent electronic circuit that carried the request to the exchanging floor. SuperDot can at present procedure about 2.5 billion offers for each day. Another bit of hardware is the Broker Booth Support System. The BBSS is a best in class request the executives framework that empowers firms to rapidly and productively process and deal with their requests. BBSS permits firms to specifically course arranges electronically to either the exchanging post or the stalls on the exchanging floor. BBSS bolsters the accompanying intermediary capacities: recieving orders, entering orders, rerouting orders, giving reports, research, and review different administrations by means of terminal â€Å"windows†. The overhead â€Å"crowd† show is America†s first business utilization of huge scope, superior quality, level screen plasma innovation. It shows exchanges and statements for each stock. The presentation additionally shows contending national market framework cites. Clear, intelligible data is shown at wide survey points. Full shading and video abilities are likewise given. The â€Å"Hospital Arm† Monitor is suspended for helpful survey by pros. Different information sources that are shown incorporate retail location books, overhead â€Å"crowd† shows, showcase montage and different seller administrations. The rundown of data sources is going to keep growing. The Point-of-Sale Display Book is an apparatus that significantly expands the specialist†s volume taking care of and preparing capacities. Utilizing ground-breaking workstation innovation, this database sysem keeps up the cutoff request book for which the expert has organization duty, aids the account and scattering of exchanges and citation changes, and encourages the examination of requests. The entirety of this serves to take out desk work and handling orders. The Consolidated Tape System is a coordinated, overall announcing arrangement of cost and volume information for exchanges recorded protections in every single local market in which the protections are exchanged. The Hand-Held is a versatile, hand-held gadget that empowers agents to recieve orders, disperse reports, and send advertise â€Å"looks† in the two information and picture group, from anyplace on the exchanging floor. Intermarket Trading System is a presentation that was introduced in 1978 connecting all major U.S. trades. ITS permits NYSE and NASDAQ authorities and agents to think about the cost of a security exchanged on numerous trades so as to get the best cost for the financial specialist. These are the machines that have helped extraordinarily increment the purchasing and selling of stocks in the course of recent years. There are incredible favorable circumstances to exchanging today over the circumstance that past merchants had. The greatest recipients of this new innovation are financial specialists themselves. They have the entire day to exchange as opposed to exchanging just during market hours, they have more stocks to browse, and the business sectors are high so individuals are raking in tons of cash. Taking everything into account, I have found that the examination I have done on this task has uncovered what I initially thought to be valid. That will be that the financial exchange has significantly profited by the ongoing advances in innovations.

All about Business Process Mapping, Flow Charts and Diagrams

All about Business Process Mapping, Flow Charts and Diagrams F?r ???r?, l?rg? ?nt?r?ri??? h?v? u??d ?r????? mapping, in ??njun?ti?n with ?r????? mapping t??l? to id?ntif? g??? in existing w?rkfl?w?, r?gul?t?r? or compliance issues, or ju?t missed ????rtuniti?? altogether, but the term ?r????? mapping i?n’t n??????ril? familiar t? ?v?r??n?.If th? term ?r????? mapping i? n?w to you, or ??u ju?t w?nt t? kn?w m?r? ?b?ut wh?t it i?, wh?t’? inv?lv?d, ?nd how it ??n h?l? your ??m??n?, ??u’v? come t? th? right ?l???.H?r?’? the f?und?ti?n of ?r????? mapping t? h?l? ??ur bu?in??? im?r?v? int?rn?l ?r??????? ?nd ??hi?v? gr??t?r ???r?ti?n?l ?ffi?i?n??.WHAT IS PROCESS MAPPING? Th? id?? ?f ?r????? m???ing, through th? u?? of flow process charts, was intr?du??d to the American S??i?t? of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1921 by ?n ?ngin??r named Frank Bunk?r Gilbreth.It was furth?r ?x??nd?d ?n b?tw??n th? 1930’? and 1940’?, b?f?r? a symbol ???t?m to ?h?rt the fl?w of inf?rm?ti?n was finally ?d??t?d b? the ASME in 1947.Process m???ing i? a ??w?rful b u?in??? ?r????? t??hni?u? th?t uses the ??mb?l? in the chart below, to g?t a visual depiction ?f a bu?in??? activity fr?m ?t?rt t? fini?h.This t??hni?u? tr???? each ?t?? in a ?r????? ?nd id?ntifi?? n?t ?nl? wh?t i? being d?n?, but ?l?? b? wh?m, wh?r?, wh?n, how and ?v?n m?k?? it ????ibl? t? un??v?r why.F?r ?x?m?l?, ?r????? m???ing ??n help accounting departments id?ntif? ?nd d??um?nt how th?? ?r????? ???m?nt?, whil? ?n HR d???rtm?nt m?? u?? it t? id?ntif? h?w th?? hir? ??ndid?t??.Th? Benefits of Process M???ingTh?r?ugh d??um?nt?ti?n m?k?? it ????ibl? to ?r??i??l? m?n?g? bu?in??? ?r???????, starting with the ?bilit? to define when th? ???r?ti?n i? running smoothly.Kn?wing how th? ?r????? ?h?uld w?rk allows u??r? t? id?ntif? ?x???ti?n?.Th?n, managers ?x?min? wh? ?x???ti?n? h????n, how they h?ndl? th?m, ?nd wh?t measures mu?t be ?ut in ?l??? t? ?r?v?nt th? need for exceptions.Pr????? m???ing ????ifi??ll? li?t? which r?l?? within the ??m??n? are r????n?ibl? for ???h step, ?m??thing hand -offs ?nd ?r?v?nting b?ttl?n??k? as t??k? ?il? up ?n the wrong d??k.The vi?u?l nature ?f bu?in??? ?r????? m???ing ?im?lifi?? ?ffi?i?n?? initi?tiv??. Thi? allows leaders t? recognize steps that n??d streamlining. Thr?ugh illu?tr?ti?n, r?dund?n?i?? ?nd rework ?r? easier to d?t??t. Managers ??n pinpoint th? ?x??t ?r??? ?f th? ?r????? r????n?ibl? f?r ?u?lit? issues.Finally, process improvements are ?ut in ?l??? t? ?r?v?nt ?rr?r?, ?nd th? m??? ?n?ur? th? implementation ?f ??n?i?t?nt ?h?ng??.Th? g??l of ?r????? m???ingEx??utiv?? might u?? ?r????? m???ing to g?in m?r? d?t?il?d insights into ?ll ???r?ti?n?l ?r??????? and how each m?? b? im???ting ??m??n?-wid? goals ?nd even ?th?r f??t?r? lik? ??m?li?n??.Overall, process m???ing ??n ultim?t?l? help companies become more ?ff??tiv?, ?ffi?i?nt, ?nd agile by ?r?viding a clear ?nd ??m?r?h?n?iv? vi?w int? ?n? ?r ?ll w?rkfl?w? ?nd ??t?nti?l ?r?bl?m?.BUSINESS PR????? MAPPING SYMB?L?H?r? ?r? ??m? of the ??mb?l? u??d during business ?r????? m???ing. M ??t ??mb?l? ?r? some v?ri?ti?n ?f a r??t?ngl? with r?und?d ??rn?r?. A rectangle represents a ?im?l? activity ?r step. Add a ??mb?l inside th? rectangle t? r??r???nt l????, ?ub-?r???????, ?r multi?l? instances.G?t?w??? are r??r???nt?d with di?m?nd?. An additional ??mb?l in?id? the g?t?w?? ??n modify th? m??ning to make the g?t?w?? d?t? or event b???d, ??r?ll?l, ?nd more. Source: Driv?????.??Process m???ing d?t?? b??k t? the early fl?w ?r????? ?h?rt b? Frank ?nd Lilli?n Gilbr?th which they unv?il?d in 1921 ?? ??rt ?f hi? prophetically-titled talk Process Ch?rt? Fir?t St??? in Finding th? On? B??t W??.Th?? introduced it by ???ing: “Every detail ?f a process i? m?r? ?r l??? affected b? every other detail; th?r?f?r? th? entire ?r????? mu?t b? ?r???nt?d in ?u?h f?rm that it can be vi?u?liz?d all at once b?f?r? ?n? ?h?ng?? ?r? m?d? in any ?f its subdivisions.”Th? flow process chart u??? gr??hi?? and ??mb?l? t? r??r???nt the fl?w of ??tiviti?? within a process ?nd after th? Gilbreths’ talk t? th? Am?ri??n S??i?t? Of M??h?ni??l Engin??r?, it w?? ?d??t?d as standard ?r??ti?? in mu?h of the indu?tri?l ?ngin??ring industry ??r??? America, with ASME ?ffi?i?ll? introducing a range ?f ??mb?l? in th? St?nd?rd for Process Charts in 1947.On? ?f th? fir?t bu?in????? t? ?d??t Bu?in??? Process M???ing w?? Pr??t?r G?mbl?, th?nk? t? Art Spinanger, wh? h?d learned ?b?ut it from indu?tri?l ?ngin??r All?n H. Morgensen, wh? had in turn b???d his ?ffi?i?n?? lectures u??n th? ?rigin?l concept b? th? Gilbreths.To g?t a better f??l of how Business Pr????? M???ing works, h?r?’? a ?r????? m?? f?r making breakfast: S?ur??: wikimediaTYPES OF BUSINESS PR????? MAPSTh?r? are ??v?r?l t???? ?f bu?in??? ?r????? m??? you ??n use, each ??m? with their ?wn pros ?nd ??n?.Here’s a brief ?umm?r? ?f ???h…FlowchartsThese ?r? th? most ??mm?n types ?f bu?in??? process m??? as th?? most ?l???l? r???mbl? wh?t the Gilbreths intr?du??d almost a century ?g?. Th?? ??n be h?nd-dr?wn ?r ?r??t?d in ??ftw?r? lik? Offi??, but the downside ?f these m?th?d? i? th? l??k ?f fl?xibilit? ?r ?d??t?bilit?. But, th? ?im?li?it? ?nd f?mili?rit? have th?ir ?wn ?????l too, ?? fl?w?h?rt? w?n’t b? g?ing away anytime soon.A fl?w?h?rt i? an ?utlin? ?r ??h?m?ti? dr?wing of th? process your t??m i? tr?ing to m???ur? ?r im?r?v?. It can ?l?? be a picture ?f ?n ideal ?r????? th?t ??u w?uld like t? u??. Pr????? mapping with fl?w?h?rt? ??n h?l? people:Agr?? ?n th? steps ?f a process ?nd th? order in whi?h th?? occurS?? ??m? of the du?li??t?d effort ?nd other n?n-v?lu?-?dd?d ?t??? th?t might b? lurking in a processCl?rif? w?rking r?l?ti?n?h i?? b?tw??n ????l? and ?rg?niz?ti?n?T?rg?t specific ?t??? in th? ?r????? f?r im?r?v?m?nt. S?ur??: wikim?di?Swimlane Di?gr?mSwiml?n?, also kn?wn as cross-functional flow-charts, i? ?n? ?f th? m??t ???ul?r ways to d???rib? complicated processes with multi?l? ??rti?i??nt?. Thi? is a visual ?l?m?nt u??d in fl?w chart diagrams that ?h?w? participants r????n?ibiliti?? for a ??rt?in ??rt ?f th? process.Swim lanes ?r? u??d t? group ?ub-?r??????? ?r t??k? ????rding t? obligations ?f ??rt?in r???ur???, r?l?? or departments.It? v?r? ??nv?ni?nt wh?n ?lg?rithm ?f th? ?r????? ?x??uti?n i? divid?d int? l?n?? ???h ?f whi?h ??nt?in? ??ti?n? m?d? by ?n? ?f the ?m?l?????.Wh? use ?wim lanesSwimlane vi?u?liz?? ??ti?n? ??rf?rm?d by special r???ur?? t????, organization ?l?m?nt? ?r ??ti?n? ??nn??t?d t? a ????i?l l???ti?n. Besides, Swim l?n?? m?k? it possible t? ????if? r?l? ?f ?n ?x??ut?r ?nd in thi? w?? t? document r????n?ibiliti?? in a m?r? accurate m?nn?r.Cross functional fl?w ?h?rt? allow you t? see n?t ?nl? flow ?f ??m? ?r????? but ?l?? m?m?nt? wh?n responsibilities are tr?n?mitt?d fr?m one ?r????? ??rti?i??nt to ?n?th?r. It h?l?? eliminate l??? ?f inf?rm?ti?n, d?l???, mi?t?k?? ?r ?h??ting ?r? m??t lik?l? t? ???ur. S?ur??: pslidesV?lu? ?tr??m m??Value ?tr??m m???ing is a l??n m?n?g?m?nt tool that h?l?? vi?u?liz? th? steps n??d?d t? take from ?r?du?t ?r??ti?n t? delivering it to th? ?nd-?u?t?m?r.A? with other bu?in??? process m???ing methods, it h?l?? with intr?????ti?n (understanding ??ur bu?in??? better), ?? w?ll as analysis and ?r????? im?r?v?m?nt. S?ur??: wiki??di?Th? in?ut? f?r a v?lu?? ?tr??m map include all th? resources ??u l?v?r?g? t? produce g??d? ?r ??rvi???. Th? r?ut? ??u follow ??n?i?t? ?f v?lu? ?dding steps, ?? w?ll as th?ir ?tt?nd?nt n?n-v?lu?-?dding ?t???. And ??ur m?? will ?l?? f?ll?w inf?rm?ti?n fl?w?.H?w to U?? a V?lu? Str??m M???As w?’v? ?lr??d? m?nti?n?d, a value stream map allows you to ??? a t??-d?wn overview ?f ??ur business ?r???????. Th?n, ??u ??n ?n?l?z? th? process ?r w?rkfl?w, id?ntif?ing wastes and in?ffi?i?n?i??. T??i??ll?, h?r?’? a ??u?l? ?f thing? you’d w?nt t? b? ?n th? l??k?ut f?r:D?l??? th?t hold up th? processRestraints th?t limit th? ?r?????Ex???? inv?nt?r? th?t ti?? u? r???ur??? un?r?du?tiv?l?While v?lu? stream mapping i? u?u?ll? u??d f?r manufacturing processes, the same ?rin?i?l?? can apply t? ?th?r indu?tri?? t??.SIPOCA SIPOC di?gr?m is a t??l used b? a team to id?ntif? ?ll r?l?v?nt ?l?m?nt? of a ?r????? im?r?v?m?nt ?r?j??t before work begins. It h?l?? d?fin? a complex project that m ?? not be w?ll ?????d, ?nd is t??i??ll? ?m?l???d at th? M???ur? ?h??? ?f the Six Sigm? DMAIC (D?fin?, M???ur?, An?l?z?, Im?r?v?, C?ntr?l) m?th?d?l?g?. It i? ?imil?r and r?l?t?d t? ?r????? mapping ?nd ‘in/?ut ?f scope’ tools, but ?r?vid?? ?dditi?n?l detail.The t??l n?m? prompts th? team t? ??n?id?r th? ?u??li?r? (th? ‘s’ in SIPOC) of your ?r?????, th? in?ut? (the ‘i’) to th? ?r?????, th? ?r????? (th? ‘p’) ??ur t??m i? improving, th? ?ut?ut? (th? ‘?’) ?f th? ?r?????, ?nd th? ?u?t?m?r? (th? ‘?’) th?t receive the process ?ut?ut?. In some cases, r??uir?m?nt? of th? customers ??n be ????nd?d t? th? ?nd ?f the SIPOC for furth?r detail.Th? SIPOC t??l is ??rti?ul?rl? u??ful wh?n it is n?t clear:Wh? supplies in?ut? to the ?r??????What ????ifi??ti?n? are placed on th? in?ut??Wh? ?r? th? true ?u?t?m?r? ?f the ?r??????What ?r? th? r??uir?m?nt? ?f th? ?u?t?m?r?? S?ur??: EdrawSteps to Complete the SIPOC DiagramSIPOC di?gr?m? are very easy t? ??m?l?t?. H?r? are th? ?t??? ??u ?h?uld follow:Cr??t? ?n area th?t will ?ll?w th? team t? ???t ?dditi?n? t? the SIPOC diagram. Thi? ??uld b? a transparancy (t? b? projected by an overhead) m?d? of th? ?r?vid?d t?m?l?t?, fli? ?h?rt? with headings (S-I-P-O-C) writt?n ?n ???h, or headings written on ???t-it n?t?? ???t?d t? a wall.B?gin with th? ?r?????. M?? it in f?ur to five high l?v?l steps.Identify th? ?ut?ut? of thi? ?r?????.Id?ntif? th? customers th?t will receive th? outputs ?f thi? process.Id?ntif? th? in?ut? r??uir?d f?r th? ?r????? t? function ?r???rl?.Id?ntif? th? suppliers ?f the inputs th?t ?r? r??uir?d b? th? process.O?ti?n?l: Id?ntif? th? ?r?limin?r? requirements of th? customers. Thi? will be verified during a l?t?r ?t?? of the Six Sigma m???ur?m?nt ?h???.Di??u?? with ?r?j??t ???n??r, Ch?m?i?n ?nd other involved ?t?k?h?ld?r? for v?rifi??ti?n.SoftwareOf ??ur??, anybody with pen ?nd ????r ??n ?r ??t? a perfectly g??d ?r????? m??â€"but for ?rg?niz?ti?n? serious about cultivating a ?ultur? of im?r?v?m?nt, ?r????? m???ing ??ftw?r? i? a mu?t.Wh?n organizational l??d?r? view a ?r????? map, the “im?g?” is h?w they und?r?t?nd th? ???t?m t? b?. In other words, the map needs to b? ?? detailed ?nd ???ur?t? ?? ????ibl? t? ?v?id ??nfu?i?n l?t?r ?n.A w?ll-?x??ut?d workflow map ?r?vid?? a ??m?r?h?n?iv? view ?f ?r???-d???rtm?nt?l processes, giving ?rg?niz?ti?n?l leaders a detailed l??k ?t in?ut?, outputs ?nd the steps in b?tw??n. Business ?r????? mapping ??ftw?r? ?r?vid?? th? m??n? t? ?r??t? m??? of th? highest ?rd?r. But what i? the b??t ??ftw?r? f?r organizations undergoing process im?r?v?m?nt initi?tiv???H?r? is a l??k ?t ??m? ?f th? t?? business process m???ing ??ftw?r? ?nd tools (in n? ??rti?ul?r order), in?luding ?r??, ??n? ?nd ???t?m r??uir?m?nt?.C?n???tDr?wAlth?ugh it? many ?h??? and line tools m?k? it ???? t? u?? C?n???tDr?w f?r flowchart ?nd ?r????? m???ing, it d??? much mor e th?n that.Thi? comprehensive, multi-purpose m???ing ?nd dr?wing platform can b? u??d f?r ?r????? m?d?ling, SWOT analysis, t??hni??l drawings, wir?fr?m??, n?tw?rk diagrams ?nd more.Although th?r? is no r??l-tim? ??ll?b?r?ti?n, ConceptDraw i? a fine ?h?i?? for bu?in????? that n??d dr?wing t??l? f?r multi?l? purposes.Pr??:Cr??t? wid? r?ng? of di?gr?m? ?nd chartsCr??t? ?nd save ?u?t?m shapesExt?n?iv? im??rt and ?x??rt ??ti?n?Cons:No ?ut-?f-th?-b?x cloud int?gr?ti?nThin ?u???rt and d??um?nt?ti?n (?t??? learning ?urv?)L??k? r??l-tim? collaboration ????biliti??S??t?m R??uir?m?nt?:M??A??l? OS X 10.10 and high?r5 GB RAM650 Mb HDDWind?w?Wind?w? 7/8.1/10 (32 and 64 bit)Int?l or AMD, 1.8 GHz processor5 GB RAM540 Mb di?k spaceEdrawEdr?w i? ?n excellent ?h?i?? f?r n?vi?? t? ?x??ri?n??d ?r????? map ?r??t?r? alike. With a large and useful array ?f built-in tools, including th?u??nd? ?f v??t?r ??mb?l? ?nd templates, Edr?w u??r? ??n g?n?r?t? a multitud? of bu?in??? di?gr?m? with?ut ?r?vi?u? process m???ing ?x??ri?n??â€"?lth?ugh th? t??l’? full ?rr?? ?f f??tur?? ?nd capabilities m?? b? l??t ?n n?vi?? u??r? ?t the b?ginning. Th? intuitiv? l???ut ?l???l? mimi?? that ?f Mi?r???ft’? Offi?? ?uit?, ?dding a level of intuitiv?n??? and f?mili?rit? l??king in ?th?r ?r????? mapping ??ftw?r?.Pr??Ext?n?iv? shape libr?r?Intuitiv?, familiar interfaceR??l-tim? collaboration ????biliti??ConsN? revision hi?t?r?Sh?ring ?nd ?r???nt?ti?n limit?ti?n?C?n?id?r?bl? l??rning ?urv?S??t?m R??uir?m?nt?Windows 2000, Windows XP, Wind?w? 2003, Wind?w? Vi?t?, Windows 7 ?r later512 MB ?f RAM, 300 MB available disk ?????P?ntium II, 750 MHz ?r??????r1024 x 768 ??r??n r???luti?nLu?id?h?rtLu?id?h?rt i? ?n ?nlin?, cloud-based di?gr?m ???li??ti?n t??l. One ?f th? more ?tr?ightf?rw?rd ?nlin? fl?w?h?rt makers, Lucidchart g?t? high marks ?m?ng u??r? f?r it? intuitiv? int?rf??? ?nd collaborative f??tur??.Lu?id?h?rt is t?il?r-m?d? f?r t??hni??l di?gr?m?, bu?in??? diagrams and product m?n?g?m?nt fl?w?h?rt?.Pr??:Ease- of-useCl?ud storageCu?t?miz?bl? ?dit?rOnlin? ??ll?b?r?ti?nWid? symbols libr?r?Cons:Low ???hi?ti??ti?nConnectivity issuesR????n?iv?n??? b???d ?n Int?rn?t connectionS??t?m R??uir?m?nt?:Lucidchart i? a ?l?ud application ??rvi?? (SAAS) built ?n HTML5; it w?rk? ?n ?v?r? m?j?r browser ?nd m??t Int?rn?t-?n?bl?d d?vi???Vi?i?Mi?r???ft Vi?i? i? r?utin?l? r?nk?d ?m?ng the b??t process mapping ?nd flowchart d??ign programs. Thi? ?x??n?iv? ?nd powerful ?r????? m???ing software is id??l f?r l?rg? businesses ?nd enterprise-level organizations, but it’s ?l?? gr??t f?r ?n??n? wh? n??d? t? map ?ut ??m?li??t?d ?r??????? ?nd inf?rm?ti?n fl?w?.Vi?i? allows you to create ?r?f???i?n?l multi-??g? di?gr?m?, ?rg?niz?ti?n?l charts, wireframes, bu?in??? ?r????? m?d?ling di?gr?m? ?nd m?r?.   Vi?i? i? th? process m???ing t??l of choice for Bu?in??? Ent?r?ri?? M???ing.Pr??:R??l-tim? ??ll?b?r?ti?nIntuitive user interfaceLink d?t? t? shapes using ?th?r ???li??ti?n? (i.e., Mi?r???ft Ex??l)C?n?:Not compatible with A??l? ?r?du?t? (M?? ??m?ut?r? and iP?d?)L??k? revision hi?t?r? featureSt??? l??rning ?urv?S??t?m R??uir?m?nt?:Windows 7 SP1 t? Wind?w? 102 BG RAM, 3 GB available disk space1 GHz processor with SSE2 support1280 x 800 ??r??n resolutionDirectX 10 gr??hi?? ??rdN?t?: Vi?i? u??r? can ?dd ?n ?xtr? l???r ?f functionality with T??kM??, a professional data vi?u?liz?ti?n ???li??ti?n f?r Microsoft Vi?i?. TaskMap builds on th? impressive ?r????? mapping capabilities ?f Vi?i? b? ?r?viding ?r?-d?fin?d icons, vi?u?l ?nn?t?ti?n?, and d?n?mi? d?t? linking. T??kM?? ?l?? m?k?? it ???i?r t? d?fin? gr?nul?r ?r????? details, such as r????n?ibl? roles, guidelines, r???ur???, ?ub-?r???????, ?t?.The Fr?m?w?rk of Business Pr????? MappingYou m?? now be asking h?w ?x??tl? you g? ?b?ut m???ing your bu?in??? processes. T? d? it right, you w?nt a f?rm?l ?r???dur?. Th? following i? a u??ful framework.Id?ntif? ??ur ?rg?niz?ti?n’? best ?r??ti???: As in th? principles of g??d bu?in??? process mapping, ??ur organizat ion ?h?uld ?gr?? on what is m????d ?nd th? scope of ???h. Th? process ?h?uld be ???il? und?r?t??d ?? m????d b? ??m??n? wh? is n?t ?l??? t? it. Each process should ?l?? h?v? a ??ri?? ?f questions posed t? it that ?n?w?r why it i? b?ing d?n? ?nd what g??? into each d?t?il of it. Fin?ll?, ???l? m?tri?? ?? a basis f?r measuring th? ?u????? of ???h process.As-is in process design: S???ifi??ll? d?fin? the purpose of m???ing th? ?r?????. A?k wh?r? th? process initi?t?? ?nd ?nd?, ?nd d?t?rmin? wh?t the opportunity ?f fixing it ??uld become. Aft?r ??l??ting a ?r?????, determine ?ll th? ?t??? in it, ?? w?ll as in?ut? ?nd ?ut?ut?. E?t?bli?h th? ???t?m?, r?l??, and time inv?lv?d. Select a m???ing t??hni?u?. Int?rvi?w th? contributors for the roles th?? play in th? ?r?????, l??king ?t ?v?r? dut? ?nd decision point. Th? f?ll?wing are th? ????ifi? criteria th?t ??u ?r? looking f?r in every ?r?????: R????n?ibiliti??, Obj??tiv??, A?tiviti??, Inputs, Out?ut?, Cu?t?m?r?, Risks ?nd ??ntr?l?, K?? perfor mance indi??t?r?.An?l?z? and evaluate: Review ??ur ?r????? m??. You ?r? l??king f?r ?r??????? th?t ?r? redundant, d?l??? ?nd unnecessary steps, v?gu?n???, bottlenecks, ??int? ?f r?w?rk, and fl?w? th?t continually ???? back ?nd f?rth between ??rt?in people. D?t?rmin? a measure f?r ???h segment, ?nd wh?r? ?x??tl? t? im?l?m?nt it. Id?ntif? th? ???r??ri?t? ????l? t? r?vi?w th? map. S?l??t a ?r????? im?r?v?m?nt ?l?n. Process innovation ?n?l???? ?h?uld ??n?id?r St?v?n Sh??ir?’? 7 R’s ?f ?r????? inn?v?ti?n: R?think, R???nfigur?, Resequence, Relocate, R?du??, Reassign, R?t??l.T?-b? in ?r????? d??ign: D??um?nt th? process, ?m?h??izing ?n? ?r?bl?m ?r???. Using the b??t practices d?v?l???d in St?? 1, d??um?nt th? diff?r?n??? in the existing ?nd new ?r???????. Use a r??t ??u?? analysis t? ferret ?ut ??t?nti?l ?r?bl?m?.HOW TO MAP BUSINESS PROCESSES STEP-BY-STEPH?r? ?r? the g?n?r?l steps t? mapping ?ut ??ur bu?in??? ?r???????. Th??? ?f course ?h?uld be ???li?d u?ing th? best ?r??ti??? discuss ed in the ???ti?n b?l?w.Step 1. Establish th? boundariesWhile it’? g??d to map out all of ??ur processes, ??u have to ?t?rt from ??m?wh?r?. So, th? fir?t ?t?? is to ?i?k th? process ??u’d want t? start w?rking with. Define wh?r? the ?r????? begins and wh?r? it ?nd?.You ?r?b?bl? w?nt to ?t?rt with the process that’s ?riti??l t? your bu?in???, th? im?r?v?m?nt ?f whi?h ??n easily be tr??k?d with numb?r?. Or, if you’re going f?r Bu?in??? Pr????? Im?r?v?m?nt (BPI), th?n ??u might want t? g? for a process that’s und?r??rf?rming.S?m? ?r??????? will h?v? m?r? th?n one ????ibl? ?nd, so it’s im??rt?nt to determine all ?f th?m in ?rd?r t? m?? all ????ibl? ?ut??m??.G?n?r?ll?, however, there ?r? thr?? w??? t? g? about ??l??ting th? process:R???tiv?: This is where a process h?? f?il?d or i? majorly underperforming, du? t? ??m? ??rt ?f a bottleneck. Y?u’d want t? carry ?ut m???ing here as a m??n? ?f id?ntif?ing ?nd fixing th? i??u?.Str?t?gi?: This i? wh?n the m???ing i? b?ing d?n? ?? ??rt of a high-level ?tr?t?gi? ?v?rh?ul, in which ???? th? ?r????? chosen will b? one th?t is ??n?id?r?d integral t? that strategy ?nd th? organization’s g??l?.Cu?t?m?r-F??u??d: And finally, thi? i? wh?n th? ?r????? i? ??l??t?d f?r m???ing b???u?? it i? key to ?n?uring th?t ?u?t?m?r ??ti?f??ti?n i? im?r?v?d ?nd fixing ?r?bl?m? ?r inefficiencies within th?t process will d?liv?r a visible b???t f?r ?u?t?m?r?.Step 2. Bring T?g?th?r (Th? Right) Pr?j??t T??mEv?n if ??u know th? ins-and-outs of ??ur bu?in???, you’ll still w?nt t? ?????r?t? with th? field ?m?l????? wh? work with th? process. Th?ir in?ut can b? priceless on this, ?? th?? might already h?v? a f?w id??? ?n h?w t? improve th? processes.In addition, th??’ll ?l?? ??t ?? ?v?ng?li?t? f?r the initiative. Change tends to be ???r? f?r ?v?r??n? â€" ?nd a process m???ing initi?tiv? might ???m thr??t?ning t? some of th? fi?ld ?m?l?????.Wh? kn?w?, m??b? ??m??n?’? ???iti?n will h?v? to b? ?ut t? in?r???? efficiency? Involving th? m in th? initiative will m?k? sure th?t th?ir voices ?r? h??rd, putting th? fear of being left ?ut t? r??t.You might ?l?? w?nt to g?t ??m??n? fr?m th? senior m?n?g?m?nt on the t??m. With?ut ?n?, ??u might h?v? to ??k for management ???r?v?l on ?v?n th? smallest changed you’d w?nt t? carry out.Step 3. Li?t the actions th?t driv? th? ?r????? f?rw?rdOn?? you’ve w?rk?d ?ut what ??u w?nt to achieve ?nd which ?r????? ??u ?r? g?ing to map, ??u n??d t? start gathering the r??uir?d inf?rm?ti?n.All ?f th? steps n??d t? be id?ntifi?d and recorded, capturing who d??? wh?t, wh?n ?nd h?w, g?th?ring ?? much d?t?il ?? i? r??uir?d to h?v? a ??m?r?h?n?iv? ?r????? m??.At thi? fir?t ?t?g?, it i? best t? ?rr ?n th? ?id? ?f g?tting t?? much inf?rm?ti?n ?nd filtering it d?wn ?? ??u work thr?ugh it, rather th?n ?nd up with not ?n?ugh ?nd have t? revisit th? ?r?????.Step 4. Order the actionsN?w that ??u h?v? d?t?rmin?d ?ll th? ??ti?n?bl? ?t??? th?t ?r? n??????r? t? move ??ur ?r????? fr?m b?ginning t? en d, it’? time to ?rd?r them.Each ??ti?n should trigg?r th? subsequent ?t?? in th? process.Step 5. S?mb?l?Make ?ur? you’re using th? ???r??ri?t? ??mb?l? to m?? ??ur processes ?t???. E??h ?l?m?nt in a ?r????? map i? r??r???nt?d b? a ????ifi? fl?w?h?rt ??mb?l, whi?h t?g?th?r r??r???nt ?r????? mapping ??mb?l?:Ovals show the b?ginning ?r th? ending of a ?r?????.R??t?ngl?? ?h?w ?n ???r?ti?n ?r ??tivit? that needs t? be d?n?.Arrows r??r???nt the dir??ti?n of flow.Diamonds ?h?w a point wh?r? a d??i?i?n mu?t b? m?d?. Arr?w? ??ming ?ut ?f a di?m?nd ?r? u?u?ll? l?b?l?d ??? or no. Onl? ?n? ?rr?w ??m?? ?ut of ?n ??tivit? b?x. If more th?n i? n??d?d, ??u ?h?uld ?r?b?bl? use a decision di?m?nd.P?r?ll?l?gr?m? ?h?w inputs ?r ?ut?ut?.If th? ?r????? you’re mapping i? ???li??l, make sure th? f??db??k loop is ?l???d, t?king you b??k t? th? beginning.Step 6. S??t?m ModelUse th? ???t?m model ???r???h to dr?w your fl?w?h?rt ?nd m?? ??ur ?r???????. It helps you d?t?rmin? what information ?h?uld be ?dd? d and where.Step 7. An?l?z? Id?ntif? Ar??? f?r ImprovementEven th?ugh ??u h?v? your ?r????? m?? in h?nd, ??ur w?rk i?n’t really d?n?. What’s th? point ?f the map, ?ft?r ?ll, unl??? ??u actually l??rn something from it m?k? ??m? im?r?v?m?nt?.From your ?r?vi?u? investigations, you’ve ?r?b?bl? ?lr??d? identified a flow ?r tw? within the process as-is. With th? map, h?w?v?r, you can find a l?t m?r?.Fr?m th?n ?n, ??u’d w?nt t? ??rr? out BPI ?r BPR, finding diff?r?nt w??? t? im?r?v? ?n th? ?r????? (?r m??b? completely restructure it).On?? ??u have ?n id?? ?r tw? ?n h?w that could w?rk, ??u’d want to im?l?m?nt th? new ?r??????? ?n a ?m?ll?r ???l?, and if it w?rk? b?tt?r than th? ?ld, ???l? it t? th? r??t of th? ?rg?niz?ti?n.If your employees are h?ving difficulties ?d??ting t? the new ?r?????, ??u ??uld giv? th?m a small nudge b? ?r??ting ?nd ??mmuni??ting a n?w process map.Step 8. Monitoring Im?r?v?m?nt?Wh?th?r the Bu?in??? Process Mapping i? b?ing done as part of a l?rg?r ove rhaul of processes within your ?rg?niz?ti?n ?r not, ??u n??d to ?t?rt ?r???r m?nit?ring ?f h?w your improved ?r????? is fun?ti?ning.Onl? through ??n?t?nt m?nit?ring ?nd optimization ??n ??u ?x???t your ?r??????? to ??ntinu? t? b? r?fin?d and im?r?v?d, Bu?in??? Process M???ing cannot b? a ?n?-tim? thing th?t will be ?x???t?d t? fix all of ??ur ?r?bl?m?.Process Mapping Best Pr??ti???B?f?r? id?ntif?ing the process ?t???, start with id?ntif?ing th? ?t?rt and ?nd ??int? of th? process. Thi? h?l?? with ??tting limit?M?k? ??ur ?r????? m??? ?? ???? ?nd ?im?l? as ????ibl? to read ?nd und?r?t?nd by ?n??n? in ??ur ??m??n?Keep ?nl? th? n??????r? d?t?il? on ??ur map. N?t l??? or m?r? th?n n??d?d to id?ntif? ?r??? f?r im?r?v?m?nt?M?k? ?ur? you u?? th? ??rr??t process map ??mb?l? wh?n drawing t? ?v?id ??nfu?i?nInclude all th? k?? stakeholders wh?n m???ing the ?r????? to avoid mi??ing ?ut on important inf?rm?ti?n ?r stepsU?? a business process m???ing ??ftw?r? th?t allows ??u to ?ui?kl? dr?w ?? wel l as ??ll?b?r?t? with ??ur t??m in real-time for efficiencyADVANTAGES OF BUSINESS PROCESS MAPPING Th? vi?u?l aspect i? k??: If ?i?tur?? are w?rth one th?u??nd w?rd?, then a w?ll-?x??ut?d process m?? ??uld b? worth one million dollars (?r more) in decision-making ??w?r.But the benefits go b???nd m?king it ???i?r to und?r?t?nd ?r ?im?l? t? grasp. Let’s start with number one.Team Involvement ?nd M?r?l?Wh?n ??u inv?lv? ?v?r??n? in th? ?r????? improvement ?nd m???ing ?x?r?i??, ???h ??r??n in th? r??m is empowered to ?n??t ???itiv? ?h?ng? within ??ur ?rg?niz?ti?n. The fir?t ?????t ?f empowerment comes fr?m a k?? hum?n tr?it: a sense ?f ??m?r?d?ri? in ?h??i??l ?r???n??.In?lud? as m?n? employees as possible in ??ur ?r????? mapping meetings. F?r l?rg?, ??m?l?x ?rg?niz?ti?n?, this might be easier said th?n done, but ?v?r? warm b?d? in the r??m ????ntu?t?? thi? b?n?fit all th? more. Even ?m?ll d?l?g?ti?n? or single r??r???nt?tiv?? from l?rg? divi?i?n? ?r? better than not h?ving ?n??n? from t hat d???rtm?nt.Physical hum?n ?r???n?? dr?w? immediacy t? th? task at h?nd in a w?? that ?th?r virtu?l communication d???n’t match. Once you r???h a ??luti?n, th? im???t ?f m???ing ?nd ?tr??mlining the process im?rint? th? ???itiv? ?x??ri?n?? on th? mind? ?f ?v?r??n? involved. Employees f??l th? ??w?r of ??ll?b?r?ti?n ?nd d?n’t f??l ?l?n? in th? f??? ?f a menacing problem.H?ving every k?? t??m member in ?tt?nd?n?? also improves m?r?l? ?n ??v?r?l levels. First, th?? ??? th?t this fru?tr?ting, ??m?l?x ?r?bl?m i? b?ing d??lt with. S???nd, they h?v? a ??rt in ?r??ting th? solution.A ?h??i??l m??ting ?l?? means an opportunity for immediate f??db??k â€" whi?h is g??d f?r you as w?ll ?? ??ur t??m, b???u?? ?m?l????? f??l th?t th??’r? being h??rd.Employee ?ng?g?m?ntIt i? often ??id th?t ?m?l????? ?r? ??ur m??t v?lu?bl? r???ur??, ??t many ?rg?niz?ti?n? f?il to t?? into employees’ kn?wl?dg?, t?l?nt ?nd ?ff?rt t? ??lv? diffi?ult problems and ???r?t? a b?tt?r business.Th? best way t? in? r???? ?m?l?????’ ??ti?f??ti?n is to ??tiv?l? engage them t? d?fin? th? ?r??????? in which they w?rk, ??li?it th?ir in?ut in ??lving th? ?r?bl?m? th?t ?r?v?nt them fr?m d?ing a b?tt?r j?b and th?n ?u???rt them ?? th?? improve th? w?rk within th?ir ?r?? ?f r????n?ibilit?.Real competitive ?dv?nt?g? ??m?? fr?m g?tting engagement fr?m m?r? ????l? t? contribute more v?lu? t? the ?rg?niz?ti?n.Pin??int V?gu? Pr?bl?m?When th? process ?t?rt? ?t P?int A ?nd ?nd? at P?int Z, it’s not always ???? to d?t?rmin? wh?r? the ?r????? i? taking t?? mu?h time ?r using too m?n? budget dollars.Th?t’? wh?r? ?r????? m???ing shines: ?v?r??n? di???v?r? ?x??tl? h?w the ?r????? h????n?, n?t how it i? ?u?????d t? happen or h?w it h????n? ?n paper. In creating the ?r????? map, ??u uncover where th??? di??r???n?i?? b?tw??n the id??l and the r??lit? ?r??? int? ??ur ?r?????.The key t? i??l?ting your most v?xing trouble ?r??? i? being d?t?il?d t? a f?ult. Who ??nd? th? ?r?j??t approval? Wh?n do they ??tu?ll? d? it? H?w d? th?? ??mmuni??t? approval or changes: by email, ?h?n? ?r in-??r??n?G?t ?v?r?thing down, ?v?n if ??u h?v? ?n id?? ?n how to fix it. On?? your process h?? b??n m????d ?nd ?v?r??n? in th? r??m und?r?t?nd? wh?r? it’? breaking d?wn, th?n ??u have the insight ??u need t? re-map the ?r????? and eliminate ?n? ?r?bl?m?.S??ing the Big Pi?tur?This i? a ??mm?nl? ?r?i??d attribute of ?r????? m???ing, and it’s ?ft?n glossed ?v?r t?? ?ui?kl?. Yes, b?th ??u ?nd your ?t?ff und?r?t?nd a ?r????? b?tt?r wh?n ??u ??? the whole thing vi?u?ll? di?gr?mm?d, but there’s more t? it.Fir?t, th? process m???ing exercise connects ?v?r??n? t? th? ?r????? ?? ??u’r? di?gr?mming it. Th?? f??l th? ??in, fru?tr?ti?n and confusion of th?ir fellow t??m members. Th?t creates ?rg?niz?ti?n?l ?m??th?, priming th? team to ?r??t? a ??luti?n th?t w?rk? f?r ?v?r??n? inv?lv?d.Second, a fini?h?d â€" ?nd improved â€" process m?? ?r?vid?? a ?l??r vi?i?n ?f the futur?. It’s one thing to m?? h?w th? process w?rk? in th? ?r???nt, but after ?in??inting ?r?bl?m? ?nd proposing ??luti?n?, ??u h?v? th? ability t? re-map the process to wh?t it ?h?uld b?. N?w, with th? big ?i?tur? in h?nd, ?m?l????? ?r? ?bl? t? carry ?ut improvements with a shared vi?i?n in mind.Third, it makes ?m?l????? m?r? ?w?r? ?f how th?ir work ?ff??t? ?v?r??n? ?l??’?. With a ?i?t?ri?l und?r?t?nding ?f the ?r?????, Em?l???? A w?n’t t?k? so l?ng wh?n sending hi? w?rk in, or Admini?tr?t?r B now kn?w? to ?h??k in if she h??n’t h??rd fr?m M?nuf??turing b? th? 15th, b???u?? ?v?r??n? ?l?? down th? line i? w?iting and fru?tr?t?d.Customer ??ti?f??ti?nBusiness l??d?r? are ?ft?n surprised to find ?ut int?rn?l processes ?r? not ?lign?d ?nd th? r??ult i? a ?u?t?m?r ?x??ri?n?? th?t i?n’t as g??d ?? it could be. Cu?t?m?r value i? in th? ??? ?f th? perceiver.B? ???t?m?ti??ll? studying ?u?t?m?r wants and n??d?, an ?rg?niz?ti?n can build r?bu?t bu?in??? processes th?t ??n?i?t?ntl? meets th??? needs and delivers a ?ignifi??nt ??m??titiv? ?dv?nt?g? ?v?r tim?.S?ti?fi?d ?u?t?m?r? ?r? th? r??ult ?f a ??ri?? ?f business processes th?t ?lign t? m??t their n??d?. Th? m?r? ?r??????? that ?r? in ??n? with one ?n?th?r, the m?r? likely ?n ?rg?niz?ti?n will consistently deliver ?u??ri?r ?u?t?m?r value over ?n ?xt?nd?d ??ri?d of tim?.Wh?t’? the diff?r?n?? b?tw??n ?r????? mapping and process m?d?ling?Pr????? m???ing i? often ??nfu??d with ?r????? modeling. Although th?? work in conjunction with each other, th?? are diff?r?nt and serve separate ?ur?????. Pr????? m???ing is the fir?t key ?t?? aimed ?t id?ntif?ing and d??um?nting t??k? ?r ??tiviti?? within a bu?in??? process. It ?t??? thr?ugh ?n ?nd-t?-?nd process, including what is b?ing d?n?, wh? i? inv?lv?d, as well ?? when ?nd wh?r?.Pr????? m???ing ?id? in ?u???rting bu?in??? ?r????? m?d?ling, which i? intended t? b? a t??l t? m?ximiz? ?ffi?i?n?i?? within th? bu?in??? process. Bu?in??? ?r????? m?d?ling inv?lv?? l??king ?t th? ?r??????? from a ?tr?t?gi? vi?w t? ?n?ur? ?lignm?n t with company-wide goals, wh?r? ?r??????? ??n th?n b? r?-?ngin??r?d ?nd ??timiz?d f?r improved efficiency.C?m?li?n?? and AuditingW?rking in ?n? organization with ??m?l?x ??m?li?n?? ?nd audit requirements m?k?? a simple ?r????? imm?di?t?l? m?r? intri??t?. Fortunately, ?r????? m???ing h?l?? with th?t t??.When im?l?m?nting n?w ??m?li?n?? ?r???dur?? or ?r???ring f?r ?n ?udit, m?biliz? your t??m f?r a new ?r????? m???ing m??ting. As u?u?l, ?t?rt with the ?urr?nt process and m?? it completely â€" something m?? h?v? ?h?ng?d since th? last tim? ??u m????d, so be d?t?il?d.Th?n, r?d??ign ??ur ?r????? m?? to in?lud? th? n?w ??m?li?n?? r??uir?m?nt?. Thi? communicates th? im??rt?n?? ?f th? n?w ?r???dur?? to ?v?r??n? inv?lv?d ?nd giv?? t??m members ????ifi? ??m?li?n?? ?wn?r?hi? ?f th?ir t??k?.Wh?n it ??m?? time f?r an ?udit or ??rtifi??ti?n test, h?nd th? auditor ??ur n?w process m??. Th? di?gr?m helps th? ?udit?r und?r?t?nd ??ur ??m?li?n?? ?r???dur?? and ??mmuni??t?? ??ur responsibility in th? process.Trim Unn??????r? St???Process m???ing lays bare ?v?r? detail ?f the ?r?????, ?utting the process under a mi?r?????? f?r inspection. Ju?t lik? any look in a mirror, it r?v??l? ?r??? th?t need w?rk.On?? ??ur ?r????? i? mapped, ?x?min? it f?r n?n-v?lu?-?dd?d ?t???. Di???v?r unnecessary r???titi?n? ?r time-wasting ?id?tr??k?, th?n trim as n??d?d wh?n ??u re-map the ?r?????.Al?? l??k ?ut for b?ttl?n??k?, w?r?t-???? scenarios ?nd other wasteful h?bit? that h?v? ?r??t into ??ur ?r????? and brainstorm with your t??m about h?w to ?limin?t? th?m fr?m the n?w map.New Employee Tr?iningWhen w?? th? last tim? a new ?t?ff member ??tu?ll? understood ??ur complex processes ?n th? fir?t d?? of w?rk? In the fir?t week? In th? fir?t ???r?T?? mu?h ?r????? di???v?r? tim? i? w??t?d tim?. Catch your new team members u? t? ????d with a d?t?il?d, ???ur?t? process map. Vi?u?ll?, it is mu?h easier to understand, ?nd it ?r?vid?? a gr??t avenue f?r ?u??ti?n? ?b?ut th? ?r?????.Bu?in??? ?r????? improvement mapping i?n’t just ?b?ut h?l?ing ??ur ?urr?nt ?m?l????? â€" it’? also ?b?ut helping ??ur futur? ?n??.Financial r?turn on investmentEng?ging and r?t?ining ?u?t?m?r? i? just ??rt ?f the story. An ?rg?niz?ti?n mu?t d?liv?r return ?n inv??t?d ???it?l that d?liv?r? a ?u?????ful economic ?ut??m? f?r stakeholders.If th?r?’? no margin, th?r?’? n? mission.Th?t m??n? taking a look at im?r?ving ?r?du?t ?nd service ???t? ?nd margins, reducing ???r?ting and support ???t?, ?nd increasing the effectiveness ?f balance ?h??t ????t?.C?m?li?n?? ri?kIn n??rl? ?v?r? industry there is ?n element of regulatory ??m?li?n?? that ??n be ???tl? if ri?k i?n’t ???????d in ?dv?n??.Th? b??t way to ???tur? business ?r????? knowledge is t? ?ng?g? employees on th? fr?nt lin? who und?r?t?nd h?w w?rk gets executed ?nd ??n commit to owning th? business mi??i?n ?nd ??m?li?n?? r??uir?m?nt? within th?ir ?r?? ?f r????n?ibilit?.Documenting ?nd managing standard business ?r??????? puts a company in a f?r better ??? iti?n t? mitigate th? ri?k of ??m?li?n?? and catastrophic f?ilur?.Circulate B??t PracticesAn? ????i?liz?d, ??m?l?x process u?u?ll? accumulates v?ri?ti?n? in it? ?r??ti???. Planning d??? Task A different than M?nuf??turing, wh? v?ri?? from M?rk?ting wh? f?ll?w? th? tr?diti?n ?f ?n ?m?l???? that r?tir?d fiv? ???r? ago, ?nd so ?n. A? a r??ult, ??ur ?r??????? b???m? widely v?ri?d ?t b??t and tangled ?t worst.A ?r????? m?? highlight? all ?f th??? v?ri?nt practices, ?ll?wing you t? prune ?ut th? in?ffi?i?nt and propagate th? m??t ?ff??tiv?.After ??ur initi?l m?? i? ??m?l?t?, dr?w attention to wh?t or who on ??ur team is ??rf?rming ?x???ti?n?ll? w?ll. With the wh?l? t??m ?r???nt â€" and with a visual map to ?l??rl? und?r?t?nd the b?n?fit? â€" ?n? ??r??n’? great id?? b???m?? th? whole ?t?ff’? b??t ?r??ti??. Th? more ?ft?n you map ??ur processes, the m?r? ?ft?n ??u’ll gl??n these inn?v?tiv? ?nd insightful solutions.LIMITATIONS OF PR????? M???ING A process map outlines th? j?b duties pe rformed t? complete a ????ifi? t??k at th? workplace.M??? ??n b? u??d t? ?utlin? manufacturing ?r???????, corporate ?tru?tur?? and m?n?g?m?nt t??k?. Pr????? m??? ?r?vid? v?lu?bl? inf?rm?ti?n ?b?ut a ?r????? to h?l? m?n?g?m?nt find w??? t? m?k? th? ?r????? ?v?n b?tt?r.Whil? there are m?n? advantages t? creating ?r????? m???, th?r? ?r? a f?w di??dv?nt?g?? th?t should n?t b? ?v?rl??k?d.A??ur??? ?f D?t?D?t? ??ll??t?d t? ?r??t? a process m?? n??d? t? be ???ur?t? in ?rd?r f?r th? map to b? h?l?ful in outlining a ?r?????. Em?l????? u?ing ?urr?nt ?r??????? ?r? u?u?ll? asked t? ??ntribut? to d?t? collection.Collection methods in?lud? surveys, int?rvi?w?, ?n?l??i? ?f the ?r?????, ?t?ti?ti??l and ???t ??rf?rm?n?? d?t?.S?m?tim?? th? d?t? collected may n?t be r??r???nt?tiv? ?f th? ?ntir? ?r????? or may b???m? skewed by ??ini?n ?r employee di???ti?f??ti?n.Pr????? Map D?t?il?T? create ?n ???ur?t? process m?? r??uir?? an ?tt?nti?n t? detail. If ??u do not have the ??ti?n?? ?r ?kill t? ?r??t? a proc ess map the task ??n b???m? ?v?rwh?lming. This ??n lead t? errors in int?r?r?ting d?t? ?r ???iti?ning d?t? ?n the m??.Input R?ng?Process maps t??i??ll? in?lud? data fr?m ?m?ll gr?u?? ?f employees. This d?t? m?? not be r??r???nt?tiv? of th? ?ntir? ?r?????, h?w?v?r, if th? ?r????? i? large or ???n? multi?l? d???rtm?nt?.T? create a m?r? ???ur?t? ?r????? m??, you m?? h?v? t? first ?r??t? a dr?ft u?ing d?t? from a small group ?f employees.Sending thi? draft to a larger gr?u? f?r f??db??k ?nd t? v?rif? ???ur??? increases th? tim? it takes to ?r?du?? ?n ???ur?t? ?r????? map.F??ilit?ti?nP?rti?i??ti?n from employees ?nd management i? necessary t? compile accurate d?t? t? ?r??t? a ?r????? m??.Those ?r??ting the map must clearly ?utlin? th?ir objectives t? m?n?g?m?nt. M?n?g?m?nt n??d? to ?n??ur?g? ?m?l????? t? ?r?vid? u??ful information based ?n the ?bj??tiv??.With?ut clear ??mmuni??ti?n between th??? ?r??ting the ?r????? map ?nd management, th? data collected m?? n?t b? ?? accurate or u??ful as it could b?.

Sample Resume Lesson Construction Template - 1111 Words

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What Do You Think About the View That There Are No Women...

What do you think about the view that there are no women in ‘The Great Gatsby’ with whom the reader can sympathise? I believe that Fitzgerald constructs characters such as: Myrtle Wilson, Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker which manipulates the reader to perceive these women as sinful, lustful and provocative. However, Fitzgerald may have done this due to the radiant times of the ‘Jazz Age’ (Roaring Twenties). Although, throughout the novel the reader is able to notice that everyone is superficial and pretentious snobs due to the power of money. Furthermore, there is a clear obsession with materialism and the perception of your class as seen right the way through ‘The Great Gatsby’. In the 1920s, the perception of the American Dream was†¦show more content†¦Although, the reader may sympathise with her as she is trapped in ‘lower’ class and she is trying to escape thus, showing the ‘American Dream’. Following her dream causes her to realise her true value as in Chapter 2, she is no more than one of Toms’ sexual â€Å"sprees† in which he abandon upon mere choice. Further sympathy can be given to Myrtle in the action packed scene where â€Å"in a short deft movement . . . with [Toms’] open hand† he breaks Myrtles nose. Hence, disfiguring the one real advantage she has; her physical attractiveness. As a result of this, sympathy is given as it shows the harsh reality of a patriarchal society which took place in the 1920s’. Fitzgerald is able to depict Jordan as the most emancipated woman in the novel of ‘The Great Gatsby’ in comparison to Daisy amp; Myrtle. This is shown as â€Å"she wore her evening dress, all her dresses, like sports clothes† informing the reader that she isn’t very ladylike. Also, that she plays sports which were male dominated in the patriarchal society. Furthermore, I know that there will be a large amount of compassion given to Jordan as â€Å"her only family was her aunt† thus, showing the difficulty through which she had to go through in order to be noticed in the 1920s’ male dominated culture. Although, she had moved her golf ball in order ensureShow MoreRelatedThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Marks2252 Words   |  10 Pages2011 SECTION A Answer one question from this section. You must answer both parts of the question. You are advised to spend one hour on this section. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner – Samuel Taylor Coleridge 1. Write about the ways Coleridge tells the story in Part 5 of ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’. (21 marks) And â€Å" ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ is simply a tale of crime and punishment.† How do you respond to this view? (21 marks) Lamia, The Eve of St Agnes, La Belle DameRead MoreThe Reluctant Fundamentalist5450 Words   |  22 Pagesis it really? And to whom? Identity What is the relationship between personal and cultural identity? Hamid is challenging the stereotype and suggesting that individual identity is far too complex to be understood easily. How does he do this? Appearances Appearances are not always what they seem- or are they? †¢ Changez †¢ Erica †¢ America †¢ Underwood Samson/Corporate America †¢ The encounter between Changez and the American Who is misjudged and how? Chapter 1 The Mission What Mission Might the American

Creating value Free Essays

When it comes to the housing finance sector in India, one name stands out distinctively: HEAD – a market leader and an innovator. We have consistently revised the benchmarks of housing finance products and services. Being a pioneer and leader in a nascent market has not stopped us from aspiring for challenging goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Creating value or any similar topic only for you Order Now The World Bank considers us a model private sector housing finance company in developing countries. We provide consultancy services and technical assistance for ewe and existing institutions. Our executives undertake consultancy assignments related to housing finance and urban development directly or on behalf of international agencies worldwide. We also share our expertise through Training Programmer at our own Training Centre in Loan, India or at the client’s location. Delegates from several countries have benefited from participating in these programmer. A senior executive of HEAD was the former President of the International Union for Housing Finance (UHF), which is a non-profit trade association, with members from 60 countries worldwide. The objective of JIFF is to make housing credit affordable and more available around the world. On the domestic front, our executives help formulate national housing policies and strategies. In fact, we have been invited by the Government of India to Join a number of committees and task forces related to housing finance, urban development and capital markets – a task that we are proud to be part of. HEAD Centre for Housing Finance Our training facility, Centre for Housing Finance (CHEF), is located 120 SMS from Iambi, in the tranquil environs of Loan, a hill station, 2,000 feet above sea level. Some of the key features of our Centre are: State-of-the-art technology in the training rooms Syndicate rooms for group work Well-equipped library Residential accommodation that provides comfort and relaxation Dining facilities offering a variety of cuisine Indoor and outdoor recreation facilities Technical Assistance (TA) The objective of the TA is to offer specific deliverables and support the Client in all aspects relating to mortgage finance operations which include loan origination and recoveries, marketing and distribution strategies, accounting and management information systems, resource manipulation and information technology support. Who would review and advise the Client on products, systems and procedures, including developing new products and designing marketing strategies. These experts would visit the Client and work closely with its officials to understand the external environment in which the Client functions and thereafter make recommendations visa-avis strategies, products, policies, systems and procedures. Our experience makes the difference Training Programmer Our training programmer are specially designed to be a blend of learning and practical experience. We offer a variety of training courses for senior and middlemen management executives and line staff. Some key programmer offered are: Housing Finance Management Loan Origination and Credit Risk Management Managing Customer Service in Financial Organizations Building High Performance Teams Resource Manipulation – Issues in Managing and Marketing Training The Trainers – A Multi Dimensional Workshop We also custom- design programmer based on organizational needs. Training specific Current Programmer Housing Finance Management – 2010 (HEM-2010) November 28 – December 5, 2010 at CHEF, Loan, India. The week long residential programmer on Housing Finance Management encompasses all the prime functions of a specialized Housing Finance Institution. Through specialized modules, the programmer will focus on various housing finance systems and best practices, credit evaluation, emphasis on customer needs, product development, marketing, managing competition and distribution channels, effective internal control systems and mechanisms, resource manipulation and risk man agement systems. img class="aligncenter wp-image-34539 " src="https://donemyessay.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/-.jpg" alt="Creating value" width="720" height="388" / In addition, a field visit to an HEAD office will also give participants a practical perspective of the housing finance business. HEM-2010: Programmer Outline Day 1 : Sunday, November 28, 2010 w Assembling ; Bonding Day 2: Monday, November 29, 2010 w Introduction to the programmer w Overview of Housing Finance Systems w Loan Origination and Assessment of Risk Day 3: Tuesday, November 30, 2010 w Product Development, Marketing and Distribution Channels w Legal and Technical Appraisal w Developer/Builder Relationships and Products Day 4: Wednesday, December 01 , 2010 w Loan Accounting Practices – Systems and Controls w Credit Risk Management w Process Development for Efficient Credit Risk Management Day 5: Thursday, December 02, 2010 w Day visit to an HEAD office Day 6: Friday, December 03, 2010 w Corporate Functions – Management Information Systems w Business Strategy and Budgeting w Managing Service Delivery Processes Day 7: Saturday, December 04, 2010 w Resource Manipulation w Risk Management Systems and Development of Secondary Mortgage Markets w Open House Session Day 8: Sunday, December 05, 2010 w Departure from CHEF, Loan v Subject to change Fees: US $ 3,000* for first participant. US $ 2,750* from second participant onwards accommodation, refreshments during breaks, meals, training costs, course material and to and fro airport transfer. Note: Accommodation will be on a double occupancy basis. For single occupancy** an additional amount of IIS$ 750 plus service tax @ 10. 30% will be charged. ** Subject to availability What our participants said†¦ Feedback from Housing Finance Management Programmer The classroom experience was invaluable in opening up all aspects of Housing Finance Management. I have taken with me many insights that I intend to apply to what I hope will be a long career in Housing Finance. The free flow of ideas from participants representing 1 5 countries and 17 organizations also added immensely to he richness of the programmer. Cynthia Kanata, Housing Finance, Kenya (WFM 2007) It was a very wonderful experience at the HEAD Training Centre, where there was an optimal combination of knowledge gaining, sharing of experiences and recreational activities all in the perfect environment. The content of the programmer was so fruitful and have surely added value to our products and services, not forgetting the delicious meals and accommodation. Jackson Alfred Aloha Zinnia Bank Ltd, Tanzania (WFM 2008) I have attended similar programmer where the tuition cost is more than he entire programmer at WFM but in many cases those programmer were a mere rehearsal of academic notes of the Presenter. WFM 2008 was different in content and methodology; it was very practical in every respect and my reality on housing finance has since changed positively. Joseph Alphorns Tutor Jacobean, Loom Togo (WFM 2008) It was a great pleasure to visit India for the first time – an experience I’ll never forget. The programmer was successful. We shared our experience, knowledge and ideas with each other. Mar Beheaded Egypt Housing Finance Company Egypt (WFM 2009) My experience exceeded my expectations. I am really touched by the level of knowledge, passion, commitment and insight of the people at HEAD, and the opportunity to share experience with other participants. Islam Nominal PIED of Bangladesh Ltd. Bangladesh (WFM 2009) The course was an eye opener in terms of mortgage lending. It gave me a broader understanding of the various aspects of housing finance. Interacting and learning from various participants showed me that we all had a similar goal/objective that is providing shelter to everyone. Margaret Musher Zambia National Building Society Zambia (WFM 2009) The training was an experience of a life time. I learnt a lot during my interaction with the experts and participants from different countries. Apart from that the network of friends that I made will be cherished for life time. How to cite Creating value, Papers

Legalization Of Drugs Essays (1023 words) - Drug Control Law

Legalization of Drugs Each year 1,600 innocent people are needlessly killed each year at the hands of drug criminals (Ostrowski 27). Enormous amounts of money are spent each year in the fight against drugs. Furthermore, there are actually sick people that need marijuana to ease their suffering. These are a few of the reasons why I believe that the legalization of marijuana would not only improve society, but the economy as well. Before writing this paper, I was under the impression that all drugs and anything that has to do with them are bad. However, as my research deepened, I found that there are more positives than negatives that would arise from the legalization of marijuana. First of all, the crime rate in the United States would significantly reduce. The shoot-outs between drug dealers will end. Miller and Benjamin state that the violence provided by "turf wars" and by drug deals gone awry would fall to the level that exists in legal industries - zero (174). The places where most of those shoot-outs occur, the inner city, would change the most after the legalization of marijuana. A lot of the kids there idolize drug dealers. They see a person with designer clothes, a black Mercedes, gold chains, and big smile on their face. That drug dealer seems like the most successful person in the neighborhood. It's very easy to want to follow in the footsteps of someone like this. Legalization would greatly reduce the profits of drug dealers. Kids would emulate the people they're supposed to. These role models include teachers, doctors, law enforcement, etc. That is not the only aspect of life in the inner city that would change. The gangs that flourished from the profits of selling crack would become "small-time" gangs. These gangs would have nothing better to do than protect their "turf". Some of the more popular gangs are "The Bloods" and "The Crips". Those kinds of gangs are not the only ones that would weaken significantly as a result of the legalization of marijuana. The biggest gang of all, The Mafia, would take a hard hit as well. However, they would not disappear completely. Organized crime would be able to survive in other criminal activities like loan- sharking, gambling, prostitution, and child pornography. Furthermore, Crock wouldn't totally disappear with the legalization of drugs. Benjamin and Miller also state that there is strong, evidence that suggests that it would cease being the drug of choice for many (175). They believe that just as the years following the prohibition of alcohol, people will choose a lower potency of their particular drug. The people that choose to sell crack after legalization won't make more money selling it than selling cosmetics or used cars. Another major effect of drug legalization would be that it would "free up" law enforcement to catch other criminals. Violent career criminals commit anywhere from 50 to 100 violent crimes per year. These crimes include robbery, rape, and murder. I believe that this is one of the most important benefits resulting from legalization. Not only will it give law enforcement less to worry about, but it will make everyday society a better and safer place to live. Moreover, the economy will benefit greatly from legalization. Actually, the economic impact of legalization would be tremendous. Ostrowski states that the estimated annual black market drug sales are in the amount of 80 billion dollars (28). Black market prices for drugs are inflated greatly. At the very least, they are inflated 10 times over what the legal price would most likely be. That is 70 billion dollars that the government can tax. Those tax dollars can be used to improve education, highways, public parks, etc. Also, there are many government agencies and groups dedicated exclusively to fighting the drug war. Courts, police, prisons are all part of this fight against drugs in the United States. The cost of running all these agencies is 10 billion dollars a year. If you really think about it, each dollar that is spent on drug enforcement yields seven dollars in economic loss (Ostrowski 29). In other words, the government takes 10 billion dollars from taxpayers and uses it to raise 80 billion dollars for drug dealers and organized crime. That figure is staggering. Moreover, Ostrowski also states that poor users victimize taxpayers by stealing 7.5 billion dollars from them (29). Also, you must take into account the amount of lost productivity these people involved in the drug business are in. These people are devoting their time and energy into a business that is not legal. The available work force in the

Does Haig deserve the title The Butcher of the Somme Essay Example

Does Haig deserve the title The Butcher of the Somme Essay Example Does Haig deserve the title The Butcher of the Somme Paper Does Haig deserve the title The Butcher of the Somme Paper Essay Topic: History In this essay, I will try to figure out what historians all over the world have been talking about for years: Does Sir Douglas William Haig deserve the title The Butcher of the Somme? I will start by correctly defining the term, butcher, before analysing the case for and against this statement. I will finally conclude my essay by weighing up the two cases and comparing the definitions of butcher to his actions. To say that Haig was the hero of the victory at the Somme, although the opinion of the people of the time, must now be looked back on with great scepticism. You cannot deny that Haig made the correct tactical decision to make an offensive at the Somme, in order to take the pressure of Verdun, and it is true to say that he achieved his target objective in doing so. However, it is inexcusable, whatever the gain, to throw away life so carelessly as Haig did. It is also to be noted, that Haigs attitude after the Somme, was that it was a worthy sacrifice, and an honourable way for a man to die. In other words, he didnt care about the loses, as long as he got the praise at the end of it all. It is obvious that to tell the men to walk across no-mans land must be looked at as the ultimate cause for the slaughter of the Somme. It was Haig who gave the order to walk and formulated the strategy for the offensive. His plan was flawed. Firstly he didnt consider all possibilities, the only outcome that he had planned and accommodated for was that everything went according to plan. This was clearly not the case as he didnt consider that the Explosions under the German line were all going to be synchronized, or that the Germans might survive in their dugouts. Also, and even more disastrous, he didnt have a plan B. What this means is, suggesting that not everything goes well, and say the Germans did survive in their dugouts, he didnt have any alternative plan to revert to, he just kept on with the same disastrous strategy, and judging by the fact that he continued with the same plan for 2 months, it seems unlikely that he had a plan B for any outcome, which means that he was relyin g on everything going according to plan a very bad tactical decision. Haig could have easily changed his plans when he realized they werent having any affect and he was throwing lives away, for example (and this is my plan): Began the bombardment again and this time ran across, the barbed wire was a problem but the Irish got through the first time when they ran, so it was definitely possible. And also, the whole objective of the Somme was to take the pressure off Verdun, so once the Germans had dragged half their army up to deal with the Somme, the British had no need to attack them, they could just sit and wait, the Germans werent going anywhere because they knew that they would be vulnerable and could be attacked at any time with all the British soldiers just waiting, the last thing the Germans were going to do was just leave and go back to Verdun, and if they did, (which would be crazy) then the offensive could begin, and attack the weakened lines. However, these plans were obviously made when looking back on the battle, Haig wouldnt have had the lu xury of hindsight. Although, he is to blame for not changing his tactics when the 1st day had been such a failure. When something you try clearly doesnt work, why keep doing it at the cost of lives? After all, the only reason that Haig gave the order to walk was because he was under the false impression that all the Germans had been killed in the bombardment and the men would be walking straight through the trenches to Berlin. It is for this reason that the men were carrying 30 pounds of pack on their shoulders, and were told that they were walking towards empty trenches. However, when this clearly wasnt the case, and it was obvious that they were not walking towards empty trenches, why carry on walking if the only reason for doing so is now void? Haigs mentality is also to be questioned, as his attitude towards human life is simply shocking. His attacking initiative ideas where men are simply thrown over the top on little raiding parties of 10 or 15 people, were madness. Every group died and was just another target for the Germans to shoot down. They had absolutely no hope of succeeding and he knew it. He was just throwing away lives when he knew all who went over the top would die. This may or may not have created an attacking spirit, but what good is an attacking spirit when the men are sent over the top to die? I cant see how the deaths of their friends could possibly create an attacking spirit, the only thing it would create was the impression that there General was a complete maniac. There is no use in raising the morale of troops who are going to die anyway, and surely victories would create a better morale boost for the men than constant casualties. Imagine this: You are a middle aged lady in England and you are proud to say to all your friends that your husband has gone to fight for his country. You are then informed that he has been killed in action. After the war, you find out that he was killed in a raiding party, all to raise the morale slightly of men on the front line. You think to yourselfoh, wont they be happy! Im sure his life was a worthy sacrifice and the other men had high spirits for the next week, to know that another 15 people had been sent over the top and died. Haig said, the day before the offensive: The men are in splendid spirits. Several have said that they have never before seen so instructed and informed of the nature of the operation before them. The barbed wire has never been so well cut, nor the artillery preparation so thorough. All the commanders are full of confidence. This statement in itself tells the story. Haig was either miss-informed or delusional, and despite the fact that the wire was clearly not cut, he sent the men out anyway.

Navajo Code Talkers

Navajo Code Talkers In United States history, the story of Native Americans is predominantly tragic. Settlers took their land, misunderstood their customs, and killed them in the thousands. Then, during World War II, the U.S. government needed the Navajos help. And though they had suffered greatly from this same government, Navajos proudly answered the call to duty. Communication is essential during any war and World War II was no different. From battalion to battalion or ship to ship - everyone must stay in contact to know when and where to attack or when to fall back. If the enemy were to hear these tactical conversations, not only would the element of surprise be lost, but the enemy could also reposition and get the upper hand. Codes (encryptions) were essential to protect these conversations. Unfortunately, though codes were often used, they were also frequently broken. In 1942, a man named Philip Johnston thought of a code he thought unbreakable by the enemy. A code based on the Navajo language. Philip Johnstons Idea The son of a Protestant missionary, Philip Johnston spent much of his childhood on the Navajo reservation. He grew up with Navajo children, learning their language and their customs. As an adult, Johnston became an engineer for the city of Los Angeles but also spent a considerable amount of his time lecturing about the Navajos. Then one day, Johnston was reading the newspaper when he noticed a story about an armored division in Louisiana that was attempting to come up with a way to code military communications using Native American personnel. This story sparked an idea. The next day, Johnston headed to Camp Elliot (near San Diego) and presented his idea for a code to Lt. Col. James E. Jones, the Area Signal Officer. Lt. Col. Jones was skeptical. Previous attempts at similar codes failed because Native Americans had no words in their language for military terms. There was no need for Navajos to add a word in their language for tank or machine gun just as there is no reason in English to have different terms for your mothers brother and your fathers brother - as some languages do - theyre just both called uncle. And often, when new inventions are created, other languages just absorb the same word. For example, in German a radio is called Radio and a computer is Computer. Thus, Lt. Col. Jones was concerned that if they used any Native American languages as codes, the word for machine gun would become the English word machine gun - making the code easily decipherable. However, Johnston had another idea. Instead of adding the direct term machine gun to the Navajo language, they would designate a word or two already in the Navajo language for the military term. For example, the term for machine gun became rapid-fire gun, the term for battleship became whale, and the term for fighter plane became hummingbird. Lt. Col. Jones recommended a demonstration for Major General Clayton B. Vogel. The demonstration was a success and Major General Vogel sent a letter to the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps recommending that they enlist 200 Navajos for this assignment. In response to the request, they were only given permission to begin a pilot project with 30 Navajos. Getting the Program Started Recruiters visited the Navajo reservation and selected the first 30 code talkers (one dropped out, so 29 started the program). Many of these young Navajos had never been off the reservation, making their transition to military life even more difficult. Yet they persevered. They worked night and day helping to create the code and to learn it. Once the code was created, the Navajo recruits were tested and re-tested. There could be no mistakes in any of the translations. One mistranslated word could lead to the death of thousands. Once the first 29 were trained, two remained behind to become instructors for future Navajo code talkers and the other 27 were sent to Guadalcanal to be the first to use the new code in combat. Having not gotten to participate in the creation of the code because he was a civilian, Johnston volunteered to enlist if he could participate in the program. His offer was accepted and Johnston took over the training aspect of the program. The program proved successful and soon the U.S. Marine Corps authorized unlimited recruiting for the Navajo code talkers program. The entire Navajo nation consisted of 50,000 people and by the end of the war 420 Navajo men worked as code talkers. The Code The initial code consisted of translations for 211 English words most frequently used in military conversations. Included in the list were terms for officers, terms for airplanes, terms for months, and an extensive general vocabulary. Also included were Navajo equivalents for the English alphabet so that the code talkers could spell out names or specific places. However, cryptographer Captain Stilwell suggested that the code be expanded. While monitoring several transmissions, he noticed that since so many words had to be spelled out, the repetition of the Navajo equivalents for each letter could possibly offer the Japanese an opportunity to decipher the code. Upon Captain Silwells suggestion, an additional 200 words and additional Navajo equivalents for the 12 most often used letters (A, D, E, I, H, L, N, O, R, S, T, U) were added. The code, now complete, consisted of 411 terms. On the battlefield, the code was never written down, it was always spoken. In training, they had been repeatedly drilled with all 411 terms. The Navajo code talkers had to be able to send and receive the code as fast as possible. There was no time for hesitation. Trained and now fluent in the code, the Navajo code talkers were ready for battle. On the Battlefield Unfortunately, when the Navajo code was first introduced, military leaders in the field were skeptical. Many of the first recruits had to prove the codes worth. However, with just a few examples, most commanders were grateful for the speed and accuracy in which messages could be communicated. From 1942 until 1945, Navajo code talkers participated in numerous battles in the Pacific, including Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Peleliu, and Tarawa. They not only worked in communications but also as regular soldiers, facing the same horrors of war as other soldiers. However, Navajo code talkers met additional problems in the field. Too often, their own soldiers mistook them for Japanese soldiers. Many were nearly shot because of this. The danger and frequency of misidentification caused some commanders to order a bodyguard for each Navajo code talker. For three years, wherever the Marines landed, the Japanese got an earful of strange gurgling noises interspersed with other sounds resembling the call of a Tibetan monk and the sound of a hot water bottle being emptied.Huddled over their radio sets in bobbing assault barges, in foxholes on the beach, in slit trenches, deep in the jungle, the Navajo Marines transmitted and received messages, orders, vital information. The Japanese ground their teeth and committed hari-kari.* The Navajo code talkers played a large role in the Allied success in the Pacific. The Navajos had created a code the enemy was unable to decipher. * Excerpt from the September 18, 1945 issues of the San Diego Union as quoted in Doris A. Paul, The Navajo Code Talkers (Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing Co., 1973) 99. Bibliography Bixler, Margaret T. Winds of Freedom: The Story of the Navajo Code Talkers of World War II. Darien, CT: Two Bytes Publishing Company, 1992.Kawano, Kenji. Warriors: Navajo Code Talkers. Flagstaff, AZ: Northland Publishing Company, 1990.Paul, Doris A. The Navajo Code Talkers. Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishing Co., 1973.

Social Learning Theory Research Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Social Learning Theory Research Project - Essay Example The perception of the benefits of the mentoring experience is not a purely quantitative measure, because it measures emotion and feelings , therefore verbal measures are likely to provide the best results. Data Collection: The data collection method I propose to use is a Likert style AIM questionnaire which will have several variables measuring verbal responses in numerical values in the range of 1 to 3, each response signifying a particular level of response. I propose to get these survey questionnaires completed by the students after they have been exposed to the demonstration on the art project. The numerical values collected can then be subjected to statistical analysis to determine results. Threats to validity that are inherent in my design are history, testing, selection and experimenter bias. I propose to address these by matching subjects so that maximum homogeneity is introduced, using random sampling to address selection validity, using control and experimental groups and undertaking of this study on a blind bind basis, without prejudice or bias about the results. I will also perform regression analyses on the results obtained in order to eliminate outliner

Immigration to US from Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration to US from Latin America - Essay Example nomy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades. During this period, its foreign debt rose 359 percent because of widespread looting of the national coffers. These factors caused the â€Å"collapse of all areas of productive economic activity and employment, is the primary driver of the flood of emigrants desperate to leave Mexico, to find some livelihood for themselves and their families in the United States† (Small, 2005). Illegal immigrants receive more from public monies than they contribute which lowers the standard of living for legal citizens. Illegal immigrants contribute greatly to the overall population growth and health care, education and employment are the most impacted. Salaries are driven down by illegal immigrants willing to work for much less while their children, illegal and legal, overcrowd the schools. It’s the U.S. taxpayer who is sent the bill for their health care services as well. In addition, the large influx of illegal aliens burdens the already inadequate number of units classified as affordable housing and other welfare resources such as energy, water and land usage (â€Å"Illegal Immigration†, 2003). Illegal immigrants have already broken the law upon arrival into the country and a considerable number break more including selling drugs, theft, murder, rape, etc. while in the country. The cost to the federal court and prison system alone in 2002 attributed to illegal aliens was $1.6 billion. This does not include the costs to state judicial and penal institutions. It costs Arizona, for example, $80 million to jail illegal aliens yearly. According to a 2002 report by Heather MacDonald of the City

Myra Hindley :: essays research papers

A sadistic temptress, the aid and probable prompt of an evil and cold blooded killer. Or a 'political prisoner being used as a scapegoat by politicians and the media'? This is a very sensitive subject and people often respond with fear and anxiety when we decide to examine things like the Moors murders. We are told that our curiosity is 'unhealthy', and that wanting to know,or openly debate about a matter which is 'naturally' closed, can only be the desire of a sick mind. We are encouraged to turn a blind eye and leave well alone. It is obvious to me that to wish to examine something is not to condone it. Yet when somebody tries to ask questions about taboo subjects today, they are assumed to be sympathetic to the subject, maybe even a little deranged, and certainly suspect. They become an outcast, and this coming adrift from the herd is also something which many fear. Many say better to be seen to be part of the lynch-mob than to become its quarry but these are the people who don't have the strength of character to even attempt to be the quarry. During their trial, neither Hindley nor Brady showed remorse. Both were sentenced to life. They are still in prison at this time. The judge has stated that she will indeed spend the rest of her days in prison with no chance of ever being paroled, so why does she still argue against the judges decision ? A lot of pressure is put on Governments to keep Hidley inside and whether or not she is to be released is now often stated in party political statements prior to elections, as it is feared that the overriding pubic opinion could win or lose elections. On November the twenty - first supporters of Hindley called for a review of sentencing procedures after Jack Straw reaffirmed the decision of his predecessor, Michael Howard, of never releasing Hindley from prison. The ruling came under immediate attack from penal reformers and civil liberties campaigners. Myra Hindley is still petitioning for her release On October the seventh, 1998 Hindley concluded a hearing at the Court of Appeal trying to overrule her "whole-life tariff." In her new attempt at overturning her life sentence and win the right to a parole hearing, Hindley claimed that she can prove that she took part in the Moors murders only because Brady abused her, and threatened to kill her mother, grandmother and younger sister if she did not comply with his wishes.

American Industrialization And Immigration

This song, written for the Yiddish theatre around 1900 by Hyman Prizit and Abe Schwarz, is a fairly good summation of the essay The Uprooted, written about 50 years later by Oscar Handlin. The second great wave of immigrants during the last half of the nineteenth century consisted of peasant farmers from Eastern and Southern Europe as well as Scandinavia, forced off of lands that had sustained them for generations, no longer able to extract a living from it, or fleeing persecutions and repressive, quasi-feudal governments.The had heard of â€Å"Amerika,† where the streets were paved with gold and land was there for the taking. Often spending all they had, those who survived the crossing arrived and found the streets paved not with gold, but with the blood, sweat and toil of those who were exploited to create gold for elite ruling classes that were often more oppressive than those they had fled. The difference was in the nature of the exploitation and oppression. Whereas in the â€Å"Old Country,† physical violence had most often been the tool of oppression – Cossacks, private police, etc.– in the industrial-capitalistic U. S. , the oppression was economic. Those who controlled the means of production, then as now, though only of maximizing and internalizing profits while minimizing and externalizing costs. Human life meant nothing to the industrial capitalist overlords. Had not the 13th Amendment outlawed slavery, they would have happily enslaved the newcomers in order to keep themselves in luxury. A few of the immigrants were able to escape the cities, and even fewer managed to acquire land and establish farms.Most however found themselves trapped in a system that not only cut them off from the land, entrapping them in a virtual jungle of concrete, brick and stone, but found their very lives subject to economic cycles, manipulations and machinations they could neither understand nor control. When employment was available, the demand s of the corporate leeches robbed the immigrant laborers of the comforts of family, culture and even religious faith, since workers were often required to work seven days a week.In Ethnic Enclaves and the Worker’s Saloon, Roy Rosenzweig describes how the workers of one city were able to take back some power from their corporate overlords, and how the unique character of this city made it even possible. Worcester Massachusetts was unusual in a number of ways. Unlike many industrial towns, it was not located near a navigable river nor a source of raw materials. Additionally, during the wave of corporate mergers and acquisition that took place during the first â€Å"Robber Baron† era around the turn of the 20th century, most of the factories in Worcester managed to remain under local control.â€Å"Control† was the operative word, here; the families who started Worcester’s industries virtually controlled the community. As in large port cities such as Baltimor e, New York and Boston, the immigrant workforce was a mixed lot who often could not see beyond their own ethnic and religious differences to realize that as workers, they shared many of the same problems. In addition, the control of city politics by the industrial capitalists made it difficult for working-class people to get involved in the system in any sort of active way. This, combined with â€Å"the carrot of paternalism† (i. e., â€Å"faith-based initiatives,† charity organizations, educational programs) and the â€Å"stick of repression† (threat of firings if workers were suspected of union activity, tracking of personal information and the use of company spies) helped the elite classes maintain control over the workforce (88). As the ethnic landscape grew more diverse, the individual ethnic communities began to â€Å"circle the wagons,† metaphorically speaking; the results were an â€Å"interweaving of church, fraternal lodge and family† tha t allowed built a support system for the various communities – who were, often as not, at odds with each other.This in combination with the more structured, disciplinarian and authoritarian structure in the workplace that inhibited socialization, gave rise to the saloons – literal drinking establishments as the working class began to have more leisure time. Whereas in earlier times, drinking and socializing on the job (primarily in artisan and agricultural industries) was permissible, in the more mechanized industrial workplace, it was not (more because the bosses wanted more control over their workers rather than out of any real concern for their safety, one suspects).This also had the effect of separating the male from home and family to a greater degree (89). U. S. history appears to run in cycles, with a pendulum that swings from an egalitarian, socialistic economic model in which the economy serves the people, to a quasi-feudal, hyper-capitalistic, laissez-faire s ystem in which a few ruthless individuals claw their way to the top of the socio-economic ladder and become economic leeches, literally feeding off of the blood and sweat of honest laborers while contributing little, if anything to the betterment of society (cases in point – the Walton (Wal-Mart) family, Paris Hilton and the Bush dynasty).Like today, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a period of capitalism run amuck, justified by a sick, twisted perversion of Christianity preached by a murderous sociopath over four hundred years before in Geneva, Switzerland. Like the medieval Catholicism, Calvinism has been used to justify authoritarianism dominance by a patriarchal, self-appointed aristocracy, whose only interests are in the accumulation of wealth and power over society.Human needs and even lives mean nothing to these predators (although their Congressional lap-dogs and lickspittles are not above moralizing about a â€Å"culture of life† – as long as it involves people who are either still in the womb, are vegetative, or anyone else for whom they themselves don’t need to take any direct responsibility). The tragedy is that the concept of the sweatshop and worker exploitation has never completely disappeared, despite the efforts of the â€Å"saloons† and the union movements that ultimately grew from them.In the 1930’s, Franklin Roosevelt literally â€Å"saved capitalism from itself† with the New Deal that among other things, strengthened worker protections and the right to form a union. For about four decades, these policies resulted in the establishment of a solid middle class – corresponding to the â€Å"yeomanry† that Thomas Jefferson himself said was the bedrock of a democracy. Like the first middle class of the U. S. , which existed between 1790 and 1840, this middle class was politically savvy and involved.When this activism forced an end to their highly profitable war in Vietnam, the politicians and their corporate backers in the war industries responded with a â€Å"new† brand of conservatism which was really the same kind of predatory, â€Å"robber baron† economics that FDR had tried to end. The ultimate goal of today’s neo-conservatism is to end democracy and replace it with feudalism by destroying the middle and working classes – something Reagan and his three successors have been doing quite effectively.Since the labor laws that would have permitted a return to child labor, sweatshops and twelve-hour, seven-day-a-week work schedules would be hard to overcome, this labor was simply shipped overseas to nations where such things were permitted. This not only allowed corporate capitalists to maximize profits to obscene levels on the backs of these workers, it also robbed American workers of their livelihoods, and has put much of the middle class in such economic insecurity, they have little time or inclination for activ ism.This was made possible by a number of things: Reagan’s intentional failure to enforce the Sherman Act, and the elimination of the tariffs that financed a great deal of the federal government for 200 years. This was followed by â€Å"Free Trade† agreements that are in fact â€Å"free† for large corporate interests, but exact a heavy price on everyone else, and the transfer of the â€Å"commons† – that which the citizens of a nation hold in ownership collectively – to private, predatory, profit-driven corporations.The results are clear, if not generally spoken of my a bought-and-paid-for corporate media: 46 million U. S. citizens with no access to health care, the destruction and continuing neglect of a major port city, the rape of a foreign country on behalf of private corporate oil interests (being protected in large part by a private, well-paid mercenary army while U. S. ground troops go without the most basic necessities), the deterior ation of public education, the sell-out of U. S.industry and infrastructure to foreign interests, the near-destruction of the middle class as wealth is stolen through regressive taxes and transferred to economic parasites such as the Walton family. Handlin paints an accurate picture of a time that not only was, but is in great danger of returning. The only hope for the U. S. is suggested by Rosenzweig, which is actually being seen today on the Internet. Today’s Progressive on-line blogs and chatrooms are the new â€Å"Saloons,† where the issues outlined above – long ignored or misunderstood by a citizenry lulled by the panen et circensem of today – are finally being discussed.While the majority of â€Å"Republicrats† and â€Å"Demopublicans† in Congress continue to thumb their noses at the citizens they claim to represent as they continue to enable a dysfunctional, sociopathic, twice-unelected â€Å"president† and his fascist-leaning cohorts, today’s technology has made it impossible to hide the corruption and decay completely. History runs in cycles. Just as the last quarter-century has seen the return of exploitive Robber Baron capitalism, so has the Internet provided â€Å"Saloons† where the working class can once again take back what is rightfully theirs and create an economy that serves people – not the other way around.